Bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh là dạng bài quen thuộc, xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các bài kiểm tra, đề thi các cấp.
Vì vậy, để giúp các bạn chinh phục các dạng bài tập về câu trực tiếp gián tiếp, ihoctienganh sẽ hệ thống lại những kiến thức cơ bản về câu trực tiếp gián tiếp cũng như quy tắc chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp trong bài học hôm nay nhé!
Tổng hợp bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh
Trước tiên, chúng ta cùng ôn tập lại những kiến thức cơ bản về câu trực tiếp - câu gián tiếp nhé!
Câu trực tiếp (Direct speech) dùng để thuật lại lời nói hoặc ý kiến của ai đó theo cách đúng như họ nói thông qua việc trích dẫn chính xác từng từ hay cụm từ mà người đó sử dụng (thường đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép).
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ với câu trực tiếp gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh
Câu gián tiếp (Indirect speech) dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói hoặc ý kiến của ai đó mà không trích dẫn chính xác từng từ hay cụm từ, không dùng dấu ngoặc kép.
Ví dụ:
Để hoàn thành bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh một cách dễ dàng và chính xác nhất, trong phần này, chúng ta sẽ cùng đi vào chi tiết các bước chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp nhé.
4 bước chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh
Bước 1: Lùi thì của động từ ở mệnh đề được tường thuật
Lùi thì của động từ là một trong những quy tắc cơ bản khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp. Nó giúp thể hiện sự thay đổi về thời gian giữa hành động được tường thuật và thời điểm người nói tường thuật.
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, thì của động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi so với thì của câu trực tiếp theo quy tắc sau:
|
Thì trong câu trực tiếp |
Thì trong câu gián tiếp |
|
Hiện tại đơn |
Quá khứ đơn |
|
Hiện tại tiếp diễn |
Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
|
Hiện tại hoàn thành |
Quá khứ hoàn thành |
|
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
|
Quá khứ đơn |
Quá khứ hoàn thành |
|
Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
|
Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Quá khứ hoàn thành |
|
Tương lai gần |
Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
|
Tương lai đơn/tiếp diễn/hoàn thành |
Tương lai đơn/tiếp diễn/hoàn thành trong quá khứ (would) |
Ví dụ:
=> Tom said that he would visit his parents the following week. (Tom nói rằng anh ấy sẽ đi thăm bố mẹ vào tuần sau.)
=> Sarah apologized for her mistake. (Sarah xin lỗi vì sai lầm của cô ấy.)
Bước 2: Đổi các đại từ, tân ngữ và đại từ sở hữu
Khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta phải điều chỉnh các tân ngữ, đại từ và đại từ sở hữu để phù hợp với ngữ cảnh và vai trò của các đối tượng trong câu gián tiếp.
Bạn hãy tuân thủ quy tắc sau đây:
|
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu gián tiếp |
|
Chủ ngữ |
I |
He/She |
|
You |
I/We/They |
|
|
We |
They |
|
|
Tân ngữ |
me |
him/her |
|
you |
me/us/them |
|
|
us |
us/them |
|
|
Đại từ sở hữu |
my |
his/her |
|
your |
my/our/their |
|
|
our |
our/their |
|
|
mine |
his/hers |
|
|
yours |
mine/ours/theirs |
|
|
ours |
ours/theirs |
Ví dụ:
=> Mary said that she had seen him at the party. (Mary cho rằng cô ấy đã nhìn thấy anh ta ở bữa tiệc.)
=> The teacher said that we should submit our assignments the next day. (Cô giáo nói rằng chúng tôi nên nộp bài tập vào ngày hôm sau.)
Bước 3: Thực hiện chuyển đổi các động từ khuyết thiếu
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, bạn cũng cần chuyển đổi dạng của một số động từ khuyết thiếu (nếu có) trong câu:
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu gián tiếp |
|
May |
Might |
|
Will |
Would |
|
Shall |
Should |
|
Can |
Could |
|
Must |
Had to |
Ví dụ:
=> She exclaimed that she couldn't believe it. (Cô ấy kêu lên rằng cô ấy không thể tin được điều đó.)
=> My friend mentioned that she might come to the party later. (Bạn tôi nói rằng cô ấy sẽ đến buổi tiệc sau.)
Bước 4: Chuyển đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm
Bước cuối cùng chính là các bạn cần lưu ý chuyển các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian:
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu gián tiếp |
|
This |
That |
|
These |
Those |
|
Here |
There |
|
Today |
That day |
|
Tonight |
That night |
|
Tomorrow |
The next/following day |
|
Yesterday |
The day before/The previous day |
|
Next week |
The following week |
|
Last week |
The week before/The previous week |
|
Now |
Then |
|
Ago |
Before |
|
The day after tomorrow |
In 2 days’ time |
|
The day before yesterday |
Two days before |
Ví dụ:
=> She mentioned that she had seen him the day before at the restaurant. (Cô ấy đề cập rằng cô ấy đã thấy anh ta ngày trước đó ở nhà hàng.)
=> My colleague informed me that she would see me at the office the following Monday. (Đồng nghiệp tôi thông báo rằng cô ấy sẽ gặp tôi tại văn phòng vào thứ Hai tới.)
Có thể bạn quan tâm:
Sau khi review lại kiến thức, các bạn hãy áp dụng ngay vào các bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh dưới đây:
Thử sức ngay với các bài tập về câu trực tiếp gián tiếp
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để viết lại các câu sau với ý nghĩa tương đương
1. He said, "Let us wait for your teacher."
(A) He proposed that they should wait for their teacher.
(B) He requested that they would wait for their teacher.
(C) He proposed that they shall wait for their teacher.
(D) He proposed that they can wait for their teacher.
2. He said to him, "Thank you for your kind help."
(A) He told him for his kind help.
(B) He requested him for his kind help.
(C) He asked him for his kind help.
(D) He thanked him for his kind help.
3. He said, "I am leaving for Delhi."
(A) He said that he has been leaving for Delhi.
(B) He said that he is leaving for Delhi.
(C) He said that I was leaving for Delhi.
(D) He said that he was leaving for Delhi.
4. She said to me, "Start."
(A) She forbade me to start.
(B) She asked me to start.
(C) She requested me to start.
(D) She advised me to start.
5. The boy told his father that his examination was over.
(A) The boy said to his father, "My examination is over."
(B) The boy said to his father, "My examination was over."
(C) The boy told his father, "My examination are over."
(D) The boy told his father, "His examination are over."
6. I said to my classmate, "Please lend me your cycle."
(A) I requested my classmate to lend me his cycle.
(B) I advised my classmate to lend me his cycle.
(C) I forbade my classmate to lend me his cycle.
(D) I ordered my classmate to lend me his cycle.
7. He says, "Manohar is a good bye."
(A) He told that Manohar is a good bye.
(B) He tells that Manohar was a good bye.
(C) He says that Manohar was a good bye.
(D) He says that Manohar is a good bye
8. Hari said to Ram, "You gave me a book."
(A) Hari told Ram that you had given him a book.
(B) Hari told Ram that he had given me a book.
(C) Hari told Ram that he had given him a book.
(D) Hari told Ram that I have given him a book.
9. "Good morning, friends."
(A) He asked his friends good morning.
(B) He forbade his friends good morning.
(C) He made his friends good morning.
(D) He told his friends good morning.
(Nguồn: Merit Notes)
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng để viết lại các câu sau với ý nghĩa tương đương
1. He said he goes for a walk every morning.
A. He said, “I went for a walk every morning.”
B. He said, “I go for a walk every morning.”
C. He said, “I will go for a walk every morning.”
D. He said, “He goes for a walk every morning.”
2. “How clever of you to have solved the puzzle so quickly,” said the mother.
A. The mother exclaimed admiringly that it was very clever of him to have solved the puzzle so quickly.
B. The mother expressed that he was so clever to have solved the puzzle quickly.
C. The mother told that he was very clever in solving the puzzle so quickly.
D. The mother exclaimed with joy that he was clever enough to solve the puzzle so quickly.
3. “How long does the journey take?” my co-passenger asked me.
A. My co-passenger asked me how long does the journey take?
B. I asked my co-passenger how long the journey would take.
C. My co-passenger wanted to know how long the journey would take.
D. My co-passenger asked me how long the journey did take.
4. I said to my mother, “I will certainly take you to Bangalore this week.”
A. I told my mother he would certainly take her to Bangalore that week.
B. I told my mother that I would certainly take her to Bangalore that week.
C. I told my mother that she would certainly take her to Bangalore that week.
D. I told to my mother that I would take you to Bangalore that week.
5. I warned her that I could no longer tolerate her coming late.
A. I said to her, “You can no longer tolerate my coming late.”
B. I said to her, “I can no longer tolerate your coming late.”
C. I said to her, “He can no longer tolerate her coming late.”
D. I said to her, “I can no longer tolerate she coming late.”
6. The new student asked the old one, “Do you know my name?”
A. The new student asked the old one if he knew his name.
B. The new student asked the old one that whether he knew his name.
C. The new student asked the old one did he know his name.
D. The new student asked the old one if he knows his name.
7. I said to my friend, “Good Morning. Let us go for a picnic today.”
A. I told good morning to my friend and asked to go for a picnic that day.
B. I wished my friend good morning and proposed that we should go for a picnic that day.
C. I wished my friend good morning and proposed that they should go for a picnic that day.
D. I told good morning to my friend and suggested to go for a picnic today.
8. The spectators said, “Bravo! Well done players.”
A. The spectators shouted that the players were doing very well.
B. The spectators exclaimed with joy that the players were doing very well.
C. The spectators applauded the players saying that they had done well.
D. The spectators applauded the players joyfully to do well.
9. The Prime Minister said that no one would be allowed to disturb the peace.
A. The Prime Minister said, “We shall not allow any one to disturb the peace.”
B. The Prime Minister said, “We would not allow no one to disturb the peace
C. The Prime Minister said, “No one will disturb the peace.”
D. The Prime Minister said, “No one can disturb the peace.”
10. He said, “It used to be a lovely, quiet street.”
A. He said that it used to be a lovely, quiet street.
B. He pointed out that it had used to be a lovely, quiet street.
C. He said that there used to be a lovely, quiet street.
D. He inquired whether there was a lovely, quiet street.
11. He said to the interviewer, “Could you please repeat the question?”
A. He requested the interviewer if he could please repeat the question.
B. He requested the interviewer to please repeat the question.
C. He requested the interviewer to repeat the question.
D. He requested the interviewer if he could repeat the question.
12. Socrates said, “Virtue is its own reward.”
A. Socrates said that virtue had its own rewards.
B. Socrates says that virtue is its own reward.
C. Socrates said that virtue is its own reward.
D. Socrates said that virtue was its own reward.
13. “Do as you wish, but don’t come and ask me for help if you get into difficulties.”
A. He told me to do as he wished or he wouldn’t come and help me if I got into difficulties.
B. He told me to do as I wished, but not to go and ask him for help if I got into difficulties.
C. He ordered me to do as I wished, but not to go and ask him for help if I got into difficulties.
D. He told me that unless I did as I wished he would not come and help me if I got into difficulties.
14. “Mohan made this mess. Let him clear it up”, said his father.
A. Mohan’s father said that Mohan had made the mess and proposed that he clear it up.
B. Mohan’s father said that Mohan had made the mess and that he was to clear it.
C. Mohan’s father said that Mohan had made the mess and suggested that he clear it.
D. Mohan’s father said that Mohan had made the mess and that he should clear it.
15. The teacher said to Ashok, “I shall report the matter to the Principal if you misbehave again.”
A. The teacher told Ashok that he would be reporting the matter to the Principal if he misbehaved again.
B. The teacher warned Ashok that he would report the matter to the Principal if he misbehaved again.
C. The teacher threatened Ashok to report the matter to the Principal if he would misbehave again.
D. The teacher cautioned Ashok about reporting the matter to the Principal if he misbehaved again.
(Nguồn: GK Series)
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
Bài 2:
Bài 1: Bài tập chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp dùng từ gợi ý
1. 'She is my best friend,' he said. /He said that she ............................. his best friend.
2. 'She is waiting for us,' he said. /He said that she ............................... for them.
3. 'I have visited all the continents,' he said. / He said that he ............................. all the continents.
4. 'She has been living alone for years,' he said. / He said that she ............................... alone for years.
5. 'She will help us,' he said. / He said that she .............................. help them.
6. 'I want to go,' he said. He said that he .................................. to go.
7. 'I don't want to go,' she said. / She said that she .............................. to go.
8. 'I have watched that movie,' he said. / He said that he .................................... that movie.
9. 'She must leave now,' he said. / He said that she ............................... leave then.
10. I can't help you,' he said. / He said that he ................................. help me.
11. 'They will have gone,' he said. / He said that they .................................
12. 'I am busy,' he shouted. / He shouted that he ...................................... busy.
(Nguồn: English Grammar)
Bài 2: Bài tập chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1. Jessica: "Don't play football in the garden."
Jessica told me _____
2. She: "Don't sing that song."
She told me _____
3. Hanna: "Don't go to the cinema."
Hanna told me _____
4. Tom: "Don't ring me on Sunday."
Tom told me _____
5. Teacher: "Do your homework."
The teacher told me _____
6. Andrew: "Wash the dishes."
Andrew told me _____
7. Jessica: "Write a letter."
Jessica told me _____
8. Sarah: "Help Peter's sister."
Sarah told me _____
9. Linda: "Did he fly to Paris two weeks ago?"
Linda asked me _____
10. Anna: "Open the window."
Anna told me _____
11. Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that _____
12. Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert said that _____
13. Michael: "I'm going to find a job soon."
Michael told me that _____
14. Jim: "I'll do my best in the exams next week."
Jim told me that _____
15. Andrew: "We didn't go to work two days ago."
Andrew said to me that _____
16. Alice: "I spent all my pocket money last weekend."
Alice complained that _____
17. David: "John had already finished work at five.”
David said that _____
18. Christopher: "Do you want to dance?"
Christopher asked me _____
19. Betty: "When did you come?"
Betty asked me _____
20. Mark: "Has John arrived?"
Mark asked me _____
21. Ronald: "Where does Maria park her car?"
Ronald asked me _____
22. Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me _____
23. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework."
The teacher told me _____
24. My brother: "Don't shout at mum."
My brother told me _____
25. Sam: "Don't make a mess of the kitchen."
Sam told me _____
26. You: "Don't open this door."
You told me _____
(Nguồn: English Area)
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
Bài 2:
1. Jessica told me not to play football in the garden.
2. She told me not to sing that song.
3. Hanna told me not to go to the cinema.
4. Tom told me not to ring him on Sunday.
5. The teacher told me to do my homework.
6. Andrew told me to wash the dishes.
7. Jessica told me to write a letter.
8. Sarah told me to help Peter´s sister.
9. Linda asked me if he had flown to Paris two weeks before.
10. Anna told me to open the window.
11. Helen told me that she was writing a letter yesterday.
12. Robert said that his father had flown to Dallas the year before / the previous year.
13. Michael told me that he was going to find a job soon.
14. Jim told me that he would do his best in the exams the following week.
15. Andrew said to me that they hadn't gone to work two days before.
16. Alice complained that she had spent all her pocket money the previous weekend/weekend before.
17. David said that John had already finished work at five.
18. Christopher asked me if I wanted to dance.
19. Betty asked me when I had come.
20. Mark asked me if John had arrived.
21. Ronald asked me where Maria parked her car.
22. Elisabeth asked me if I had watched the latest film.
23. The teacher told me not to forget my homework.
24. My brother told me not to shout at Mum / my mother.
25. Sam told me not to make a mess of the kitchen.
26. You told me not to open this door.
Qua bài viết này, ihoctienganh hy vọng đã hệ thống lại cho bạn những kiến thức quan trọng về Direct và Indirect speech, qua đó giúp bạn tự tin hơn khi xử lý các bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh.
Chúc các bạn học tập tốt và đạt kết quả cao trong các bài thi hay kiểm tra Tiếng Anh của mình.
![[Học tiếng Anh qua phim] How I met your mother](http://i408.photobucket.com/albums/pp169/vinhct/logosyv.png)
